在对于字符串的替换上，我们已经学过了不少的方法。但在做练习题的时候，我们会对多个字符串进行替换。从方法的实用性来说，str_replace就非常适合处理多个字符串的替换问题。下面我们就php中str_replace的概念、语法、参数、返回值进行讲解，然后带来替换的实例分享。
1、概念
str_replace() 函数以其他字符替换字符串中的一些字符（区分大小写）。
该函数区分大小写。请使用 str_ireplace() 函数执行不区分大小写的搜索。
2、语法
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str_replace(find,replace,string,count) |
3、参数
Find、replace、string、count
4、返回值
返回带有替换值的字符串或数组。
5、实例
创建一个PHP示例文件；然后通过“tr_replace($vowels, "","Hello World of PHP");”方法替换多个字符串即可。
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echo str_replace(array("m","i"),array("n","z"),"my name is jim!")echo str_replace(array('m','i'),'n',"my name is jim!");$vowels = array("a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "A", "E", "I", "O", "U");$onlyconsonants = str_replace($vowels, "","Hello World of PHP");echo $onlyconsonants; |
知识点扩展：
PHP利用str_replace防注入的方法
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<?php /** * 安全过滤函数 * * @param $string * @return string */ function safe_replace($string) { $string = str_replace('%20','',$string); $string = str_replace('%27','',$string); $string = str_replace('%2527','',$string); $string = str_replace('*','',$string); $string = str_replace('"','"',$string); $string = str_replace("'",'',$string); $string = str_replace('"','',$string); $string = str_replace(';','',$string); $string = str_replace('<','<',$string); $string = str_replace('>','>',$string); $string = str_replace("{",'',$string); $string = str_replace('}','',$string); $string = str_replace('','',$string); return $string; } ?> <?php /** * 返回经addslashes处理过的字符串或数组 * @param $string 需要处理的字符串或数组 * @return mixed */ function new_addslashes($string) { if(!is_array($string)) return addslashes($string); foreach($string as $key => $val) $string[$key] = new_addslashes($val); return $string; } ?> <?php //对请求的字符串进行安全处理 /* $safestep 0 为不处理， 1 为禁止不安全HTML内容(javascript等)， 2 完全禁止HTML内容，并替换部份不安全字符串（如：eval(、union、CONCAT(、--、等） */ function StringSafe($str, $safestep=-1){ $safestep = ($safestep > -1) ? $safestep : 1; if($safestep == 1){ $str = preg_replace("#script:#i", "ｓｃｒｉｐｔ：", $str); $str = preg_replace("#<[/]{0,1}(link|meta|ifr|fra|scr)[^>]*>#isU", '', $str); $str = preg_replace("#[ ]{1,}#", ' ', $str); return $str; }else if($safestep == 2){ $str = addslashes(htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($str))); $str = preg_replace("#eval#i", 'ｅｖａｌ', $str); $str = preg_replace("#union#i", 'ｕｎｉｏｎ', $str); $str = preg_replace("#concat#i", 'ｃｏｎｃａｔ', $str); $str = preg_replace("#--#", '－－', $str); $str = preg_replace("#[ ]{1,}#", ' ', $str); return $str; }else{ return $str; } } ?> <?php /** +---------------------------------------------------------- * 输出安全的html，用于过滤危险代码 +---------------------------------------------------------- * @access public +---------------------------------------------------------- * @param string $text 要处理的字符串 * @param mixed $tags 允许的标签列表，如 table|td|th|td +---------------------------------------------------------- * @return string +---------------------------------------------------------- */ static public function safeHtml($text, $tags = null) { $text = trim($text); //完全过滤注释 $text = preg_replace('/<!--?.*-->/','',$text); //完全过滤动态代码 $text = preg_replace('/<?|?'.'>/','',$text); //完全过滤js $text = preg_replace('/<script?.*/script>/','',$text); $text = str_replace('[','[',$text); $text = str_replace(']',']',$text); $text = str_replace('|','|',$text); //过滤换行符 $text = preg_replace('/ ? /','',$text); //br $text = preg_replace('/<br(s/)?'.'>/i','[br]',$text); $text = preg_replace('/([br]s*){10,}/i','[br]',$text); //过滤危险的属性，如：过滤on事件lang js while(preg_match('/(<[^><]+)(lang|on|action|background|codebase|dynsrc|lowsrc)[^><]+/i',$text,$mat)){ $text=str_replace($mat[0],$mat[1],$text); } while(preg_match('/(<[^><]+)(window.|javascript:|js:|about:|file:|document.|vbs:|cookie)([^><]*)/i',$text,$mat)){ $text=str_replace($mat[0],$mat[1].$mat[3],$text); } if( empty($allowTags) ) { $allowTags = self::$htmlTags['allow']; } //允许的HTML标签 $text = preg_replace('/<('.$allowTags.')( [^><[]]*)>/i','[12]',$text); //过滤多余html if ( empty($banTag) ) { $banTag = self::$htmlTags['ban']; } $text = preg_replace('/</?('.$banTag.')[^><]*>/i','',$text); //过滤合法的html标签 while(preg_match('/<([a-z]+)[^><[]]*>[^><]*</1>/i',$text,$mat)){ $text=str_replace($mat[0],str_replace('>',']',str_replace('<','[',$mat[0])),$text); } //转换引号 while(preg_match('/([[^[]]*=s*)("|')([^2=[]]+)2([^[]]*])/i',$text,$mat)){ $text=str_replace($mat[0],$mat[1].'|'.$mat[3].'|'.$mat[4],$text); } //空属性转换 $text = str_replace('''','||',$text); $text = str_replace('""','||',$text); //过滤错误的单个引号 while(preg_match('/[[^[]]*("|')[^[]]*]/i',$text,$mat)){ $text=str_replace($mat[0],str_replace($mat[1],'',$mat[0]),$text); } //转换其它所有不合法的 < > $text = str_replace('<','<',$text); $text = str_replace('>','>',$text); $text = str_replace('"','"',$text); //反转换 $text = str_replace('[','<',$text); $text = str_replace(']','>',$text); $text = str_replace('|','"',$text); //过滤多余空格 $text = str_replace(' ',' ',$text); return $text; } ?> <?php function RemoveXSS($val) { // remove all non-printable characters. CR(0a) and LF(0b) and TAB(9) are allowed // this prevents some character re-spacing such as <javascript> // note that you have to handle splits with , , and later since they *are* allowed in some // inputs $val = preg_replace('/([x00-x08,x0b-x0c,x0e-x19])/', '', $val); // straight replacements, the user should never need these since they're normal characters // this prevents like <IMG SRC=@avascript:alert('XSS')> $search = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; $search .= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; $search .= '1234567890!@#$%^&*()'; $search .= '~`";:?+/={}[]-_|''; for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($search); $i++) { // ;? matches the ;, which is optional // 0{0,7} matches any padded zeros, which are optional and go up to 8 chars // @ @ search for the hex values $val = preg_replace('/(&#[xX]0{0,8}'.dechex(ord($search[$i])).';?)/i', $search[$i], $val);//with a ; // @ @ 0{0,7} matches '0' zero to seven times $val = preg_replace('/(�{0,8}'.ord($search[$i]).';?)/', $search[$i], $val); // with a ; } // now the only remaining whitespace attacks are , , and $ra1 = Array('javascript', 'vbscript', 'expression', 'applet', 'meta', 'xml', 'blink', 'link', 'style', 'script', 'embed', 'object', 'iframe', 'frame', 'frameset', 'ilayer', 'layer', 'bgsound', 'title', 'base'); $ra2 = Array('onabort', 'onactivate', 'onafterprint', 'onafterupdate', 'onbeforeactivate', 'onbeforecopy', 'onbeforecut', 'onbeforedeactivate', 'onbeforeeditfocus', 'onbeforepaste', 'onbeforeprint', 'onbeforeunload', 'onbeforeupdate', 'onblur', 'onbounce', 'oncellchange', 'onchange', 'onclick', 'oncontextmenu', 'oncontrolselect', 'oncopy', 'oncut', 'ondataavailable', 'ondatasetchanged', 'ondatasetcomplete', 'ondblclick', 'ondeactivate', 'ondrag', 'ondragend', 'ondragenter', 'ondragleave', 'ondragover', 'ondragstart', 'ondrop', 'onerror', 'onerrorupdate', 'onfilterchange', 'onfinish', 'onfocus', 'onfocusin', 'onfocusout', 'onhelp', 'onkeydown', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyup', 'onlayoutcomplete', 'onload', 'onlosecapture', 'onmousedown', 'onmouseenter', 'onmouseleave', 'onmousemove', 'onmouseout', 'onmouseover', 'onmouseup', 'onmousewheel', 'onmove', 'onmoveend', 'onmovestart', 'onpaste', 'onpropertychange', 'onreadystatechange', 'onreset', 'onresize', 'onresizeend', 'onresizestart', 'onrowenter', 'onrowexit', 'onrowsdelete', 'onrowsinserted', 'onscroll', 'onselect', 'onselectionchange', 'onselectstart', 'onstart', 'onstop', 'onsubmit', 'onunload'); $ra = array_merge($ra1, $ra2); $found = true; // keep replacing as long as the previous round replaced something while ($found == true) { $val_before = $val; for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($ra); $i++) { $pattern = '/'; for ($j = 0; $j < strlen($ra[$i]); $j++) { if ($j > 0) { $pattern .= '('; $pattern .= '(&#[xX]0{0,8}([9ab]);)'; $pattern .= '|'; $pattern .= '|(�{0,8}([9|10|13]);)'; $pattern .= ')*'; } $pattern .= $ra[$i][$j]; } $pattern .= '/i'; $replacement = substr($ra[$i], 0, 2).'<x>'.substr($ra[$i], 2); // add in <> to nerf the tag $val = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $val); // filter out the hex tags if ($val_before == $val) { // no replacements were made, so exit the loop $found = false; } } } return $val; } ?> |
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