使用junit或者testng可以进行单体测试,这篇文章简单说明一下如何在spring boot的项目中使用junit进行单体测试。
pom设定
pom中需要添加spring-boot-starter-test
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<dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> |
确认依赖
使用java进行unit测试至少需要junit之类的测试框架,另外spring boot相关的测试还应该有一些mock相关的依赖,这个spring-boot-starter-test到底包含什么,可以使用maven dependency来进行确认一下。
使用命令:mvn dependency:tree
结果信息:
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[info] --- maven-dependency-plugin: 3.0 . 2 :tree ( default -cli) @ springbootdemo --- [info] com.liumiaocn:springbootdemo:jar: 0.0 . 1 -snapshot [info] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | | | +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar: 1.2 . 3 :compile [info] | | | | \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar: 1.2 . 3 :compile [info] | | | +- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-to-slf4j:jar: 2.10 . 0 :compile [info] | | | | \- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:jar: 2.10 . 0 :compile [info] | | | \- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar: 1.7 . 25 :compile [info] | | +- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:jar: 1.3 . 2 :compile [info] | | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar: 1.19 :runtime [info] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar: 2.9 . 7 :compile [info] | | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar: 2.9 . 0 :compile [info] | | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar: 2.9 . 7 :compile [info] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar: 2.9 . 7 :compile [info] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar: 2.9 . 7 :compile [info] | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar: 2.9 . 7 :compile [info] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:compile [info] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar: 8.5 . 34 :compile [info] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar: 8.5 . 34 :compile [info] | | \- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar: 8.5 . 34 :compile [info] | +- org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:jar: 6.0 . 13 . final :compile [info] | | +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar: 2.0 . 1 . final :compile [info] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar: 3.3 . 2 . final :compile [info] | | \- com.fasterxml:classmate:jar: 1.3 . 4 :compile [info] | +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] | | \- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] | \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] | +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] \- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:test [info] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:test [info] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar: 2.0 . 6 .release:test [info] +- com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar: 2.4 . 0 :test [info] | +- net.minidev:json-smart:jar: 2.3 :test [info] | | \- net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar: 1.2 :test [info] | | \- org.ow2.asm:asm:jar: 5.0 . 4 :test [info] | \- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar: 1.7 . 25 :compile [info] +- junit:junit:jar: 4.12 :test [info] +- org.assertj:assertj-core:jar: 3.9 . 1 :test [info] +- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar: 2.15 . 0 :test [info] | +- net.bytebuddy: byte -buddy:jar: 1.7 . 11 :test [info] | +- net.bytebuddy: byte -buddy-agent:jar: 1.7 . 11 :test [info] | \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar: 2.6 :test [info] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar: 1.3 :test [info] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:jar: 1.3 :test [info] +- org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar: 1.5 . 0 :test [info] | \- com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar: 0.0 . 20131108 .vaadin1:test [info] +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] | \- org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:compile [info] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar: 5.0 . 10 .release:test [info] \- org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar: 2.5 . 1 :test |
在org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.release:test下面我们看到了junit:junit:jar:4.12:test以及org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test的信息,这是spring boot已经整理完毕的内容,我们只需要写testcase即可。
创建测试目录
根据惯例创建测试目录如下:
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liumiaocn:src liumiao$ ls main test liumiaocn:src liumiao$ find . -type d . ./test ./test/java ./test/java/com ./test/java/com/liumiaocn ./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo ./main ./main/resources ./main/java ./main/java/com ./main/java/com/liumiaocn ./main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo liumiaocn:src liumiao$ |
创建测试用例
代码示例
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liumiaocn:src liumiao$ cat ./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/springbootdemoapplicationtests.java package com.liumiaocn.springbootdemo; import org.junit.test; import org.junit.runner.runwith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.springboottest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.springrunner; @runwith (springrunner. class ) @springboottest public class springbootdemoapplicationtests { @test public void contextloads() { } } liumiaocn:src liumiao$ |
代码说明
- coc:根据惯例进行定义测试类的名称
- springboottest注解:springboottest是1.4之后引入的一个注解,使得springboot的测试变得更加方便
- runwith注解:使用了此注解的情况下,junit会调用runwith中所指定的类。不同的框架提供相应的runner用于测试,比如junit自己的junit4.class,在比如spring的springjunit4classrunner或者springrunner,都可与之结合使用。
- test注解:junit的常用注解之一,用于定义测试方法,不再赘述。
执行测试
命令: mvn test
部分执行内容如下:
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[info] results: [info] [info] tests run: 1 , failures: 0 , errors: 0 , skipped: 0 |
在实施的结果中可以看到运行起来的测试用例为1个,没有失败/跳过/出错的。
小结
通过spring-boot-starter-test的引入,在springboot中已经做好所有单元测试的准备,根据惯例的方式设定测试目录和文件名称,结合使用springboottest等注解,可以使用junit对springboot的应用进行测试。最后使用mvn test即可运行相关的测试用例并可确认结果,后面将会进一步说明如何与sonarqube以及jacoco等进行结合确认代码扫描等。
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/83549820