一. 什么是蓝牙(bluetooth)?
1.1 buletooth是目前使用最广泛的无线通信协议
1.2 主要针对短距离设备通讯(10m)
1.3 常用于连接耳机，鼠标和移动通讯设备等.
二. 与蓝牙相关的api
2.1 bluetoothadapter:
代表了本地的蓝牙适配器
2.2 bluetoothdevice
代表了一个远程的bluetooth设备
三. 扫描已经配对的蓝牙设备(1)
注：必须部署在真实手机上，模拟器无法实现
首先需要在androidmanifest.xml 声明蓝牙权限
<user-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth" />
配对蓝牙需要手动操作:
1. 打开设置--> 无线网络 --> 蓝牙 勾选开启
2. 打开蓝牙设置 扫描周围已经开启的蓝牙设备(可以与自己的笔记本电脑进行配对)，点击进行配对
电脑上会弹出提示窗口: 添加设备
显示计算与设备之间的配对码，要求确认是否配对
手机上也会显示类似的提示.
四. 扫描已经配对的蓝牙设备(2)
4.1 获得bluetoothadapter对象
4.2 判断当前移动设备中是否拥有蓝牙
4.3 判断当前移动设备中蓝牙是否已经打开
4.4 得到所有已经配对的蓝牙设备对象
蓝牙配对实现的核心代码如下:
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mainactivity:import java.util.iterator; import java.util.set; import android.app.activity; import android.bluetooth.bluetoothadapter; import android.bluetooth.bluetoothdevice; import android.content.intent; import android.os.bundle; import android.view.view; import android.view.view.onclicklistener; import android.widget.button; public class mainactivity extends activity { private button button = null; /** called when the activity is first created. */ @override public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); setcontentview(r.layout.main); button = (button)findviewbyid(r.id.buttonid); button.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener(){ @override public void onclick(view v) { //获得bluetoothadapter对象，该api是android 2.0开始支持的 bluetoothadapter adapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter(); //adapter不等于null，说明本机有蓝牙设备 if(adapter != null){ system.out.println("本机有蓝牙设备！"); //如果蓝牙设备未开启 if(!adapter.isenabled()){ intent intent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_enable); //请求开启蓝牙设备 startactivity(intent); } //获得已配对的远程蓝牙设备的集合 set<bluetoothdevice> devices = adapter.getbondeddevices(); if(devices.size()>0){ for(iterator<bluetoothdevice> it = devices.iterator();it.hasnext();){ bluetoothdevice device = (bluetoothdevice)it.next(); //打印出远程蓝牙设备的物理地址 system.out.println(device.getaddress()); } }else{ system.out.println("还没有已配对的远程蓝牙设备！"); } }else{ system.out.println("本机没有蓝牙设备！"); } } }); } } |
修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性,并扫描周围可用的蓝牙设备
1. 修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性
2. 扫描周围可用的蓝牙设备
eg:
一. 清单文件adroidmanifest.xml:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.se7en" android:versioncode="1" android:versionname="1.0"> <uses-sdk android:minsdkversion="8" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".mainactivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.main" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.launcher" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth"/> <!-若需要管理蓝牙设备，如修改可见性，则需以下的权限-> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth_admin"/> </manifest> |
二. 布局文件: main.xml:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <textview android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <button android:id="@+id/discoverbutton" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="设置可见性"/> <button android:id="@+id/scanbutton" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="开始扫描"/> </linearlayout> |
三. mainactivity:
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import android.app.activity; import android.bluetooth.bluetoothadapter; import android.bluetooth.bluetoothdevice; import android.content.broadcastreceiver; import android.content.context; import android.content.intent; import android.content.intentfilter; import android.os.bundle; import android.view.view; import android.view.view.onclicklistener; import android.widget.button; public class mainactivity extends activity { private button discoverbutton = null; private button scanbutton = null; private bluetoothadapter adapter = null; private bluetoothreceiver bluetoothreceiver = null; /** called when the activity is first created. */ @override public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); setcontentview(r.layout.main); adapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter(); discoverbutton = (button)findviewbyid(r.id.discoverbutton); scanbutton = (button)findviewbyid(r.id.scanbutton); //修改蓝牙设备的可见性 discoverbutton.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener(){ @override public void onclick(view view) { intent discoverintent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_discoverable); //设置蓝牙可见性，500表示可见时间（单位：秒），当值大于300时默认为300 discoverintent.putextra(bluetoothadapter.extra_discoverable_duration,500); startactivity(discoverintent); } }); scanbutton.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener(){ @override public void onclick(view v) { //开始扫描周围蓝牙设备，该方法是异步调用并以广播的机制返回，所以需要创建一个broadcastreceiver来获取信息 adapter.startdiscovery(); } }); //设定广播接收的filter intentfilter intentfilter = new intentfilter(bluetoothdevice.action_found); //创建蓝牙广播信息的receiver bluetoothreceiver = new bluetoothreceiver (); //注册广播接收器 registerreceiver(bluetoothreceiver,intentfilter); } private class bluetoothreceiver extends broadcastreceiver{ @override public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) { //获得扫描到的远程蓝牙设备 bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device); system.out.println(device.getaddress()); } } } |
