本文实例讲述了python http接口自动化测试框架实现方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
一、测试需求描述
对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。
输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值
输出：xml文件
eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1
二、实现方法
1、选用python脚本来驱动测试
2、采用excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个excel的类即可。
3、调用http接口采用python封装好的api即可
4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可
5、设置2个检查点，xml文件中的返回值字段（通过解析xml得到）；xml文件的正确性（文件对比）
6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的xml文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存xml文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）
三、excel表格样式
四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）
1、测试框架代码
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#****************************************************************# testframe.py# author : vince# version : 1.1.2# date : 2011-3-14# description: 自动化测试平台#****************************************************************import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, timefrom xml2dict import xml2dictimport win32com.clientfrom win32com.client import dispatchimport xml.etree.elementtree as et#import mysqldb#excel表格中测试结果底色ok_color=0xffffffng_color=0xff#nt_color=0xffffnt_color=0xc0c0c0#excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置testtime=[1, 14]testresult=[2, 14]#excel模版设置#self.titleindex=3 #excel中测试用例标题行索引#self.casebegin =4 #excel中测试用例开始行索引#self.argbegin =3 #excel中参数开始列索引#self.argcount =8 #excel中支持的参数个数class create_excel: def __init__(self, sfile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8): self.xlapp = win32com.client.dispatch('et.application') #ms:excel wps:et try: self.book = self.xlapp.workbooks.open(sfile) except: print_error_info() print "打开文件失败" exit() self.file=sfile self.titleindex=dtitleindex self.casebegin=dcasebegin self.argbegin=dargbegin self.argcount=dargcount self.allresult=[] self.retcol=self.argbegin+self.argcount self.xmlcol=self.retcol+1 self.resultcol=self.xmlcol+1 def close(self): #self.book.close(savechanges=0) self.book.save() self.book.close() #self.xlapp.quit() del self.xlapp def read_data(self, isheet, irow, icol): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) svalue=str(sht.cells(irow, icol).value) except: self.close() print('读取数据失败') exit() #去除'.0' if svalue[-2:]=='.0': svalue = svalue[0:-2] return svalue def write_data(self, isheet, irow, icol, sdata, color=ok_color): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) sht.cells(irow, icol).value = sdata.decode("utf-8") sht.cells(irow, icol).interior.color=color self.book.save() except: self.close() print('写入数据失败') exit() #获取用例个数 def get_ncase(self, isheet): try: return self.get_nrows(isheet)-self.casebegin+1 except: self.close() print('获取case个数失败') exit() def get_nrows(self, isheet): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) return sht.usedrange.rows.count except: self.close() print('获取nrows失败') exit() def get_ncols(self, isheet): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) return sht.usedrange.columns.count except: self.close() print('获取ncols失败') exit() def del_testrecord(self, suiteid): try: #为提升性能特别从for循环提取出来 nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1 ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1 begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount #提升性能 sht = self.book.worksheets(suiteid) for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows): for col in range(begincol, ncols): str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col) #清除实际结果[] startpos = str.find('[') if startpos>0: str = str[0:startpos].strip() self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, ok_color) else: #提升性能 sht.cells(row, col).interior.color = ok_color #清除testresul列中的测试结果，设置为nt self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', ok_color) self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultcol, 'nt', nt_color) except: self.close() print('清除数据失败') exit()#执行调用def httpinvoke(ipport, url): conn = httplib.httpconnection(ipport) conn.request("get", url) rsps = conn.getresponse() data = rsps.read() conn.close() return data#获取用例基本信息[interface,argcount,[argnamelist]]def get_caseinfo(data, suiteid): caseinfolist=[] sinterface=data.read_data(suiteid, 1, 2) argcount=int(data.read_data(suiteid, 2, 2)) #获取参数名存入argnamelist argnamelist=[] for i in range(0, argcount): argnamelist.append(data.read_data(suiteid, data.titleindex, data.argbegin+i)) caseinfolist.append(sinterface) caseinfolist.append(argcount) caseinfolist.append(argnamelist) return caseinfolist#获取输入def get_input(data, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist): sarge='' #参数组合 for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]): if data.read_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, data.argbegin+j) != "none": sarge=sarge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+data.read_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, data.argbegin+j)+'&' #去掉结尾的&字符 if sarge[-1:]=='&': sarge = sarge[0:-1] sinput=caseinfolist[0]+sarge #组合全部参数 return sinput#结果判断def assert_result(sreal, sexpect): sreal=str(sreal) sexpect=str(sexpect) if sreal==sexpect: return 'ok' else: return 'ng'#将测试结果写入文件def write_result(data, suiteid, caseid, resultcol, *result): if len(result)>1: ret='ok' for i in range(0, len(result)): if result[i]=='ng': ret='ng' break if ret=='ng': data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,ret, ng_color) else: data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,ret, ok_color) data.allresult.append(ret) else: if result[0]=='ng': data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,result[0], ng_color) elif result[0]=='ok': data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,result[0], ok_color) else: #nt data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,result[0], nt_color) data.allresult.append(result[0]) #将当前结果立即打印 print 'case'+str(caseid+1)+':', data.allresult[-1]#打印测试结果def statisticresult(excelobj): allresultlist=excelobj.allresult count=[0, 0, 0] for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)): #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i] count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2]) print 'statistic result as follow:' print 'ok:', count[0] print 'ng:', count[1] print 'nt:', count[2]#解析xmlstring返回dictdef get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string): xml = xml2dict() return xml.fromstring(xml_string)#解析xmlfile返回dictdef get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file): xml = xml2dict() return xml.parse(xml_file)#去除历史数据expect[real]def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, irow, icol, str): startpos = str.find('[') if startpos>0: str = str[0:startpos].strip() excelobj.write_data(suiteid, irow, icol, str, ok_color) return str#检查每个item （非结构体）def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol): ret='ok' for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)): real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value'] expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid) #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real] #将return ng result=assert_result(real, expect) if result=='ng': writestr=expect+'['+real+']' excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, ng_color) ret='ng' return ret#检查结构体类型def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount): ret='ok' if structcount>1: #传入的是list for structid in range(0, structcount): structdict=real_struct_dict[structid] temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist)) if temp=='ng': ret='ng' else: #传入的是dict temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin) if temp=='ng': ret='ng' return ret#获取异常函数及行号def print_error_info(): """return the frame object for the caller's stack frame.""" try: raise exception except: f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)#测试结果计数器，类似switch语句实现def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt): calculation = {'ok':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt], 'ng':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt], 'nt':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]} return calculation[flag]() |
2、项目测试代码
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# xxx_server_case.py# author : vince# version : 1.0# date : 2011-3-10# description: 内容服务系统测试代码#****************************************************************from testframe import *from common_lib import *httpstring='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/'expectxmldir=os.getcwd()+'/testdir/expect/'realxmldir=os.getcwd()+'/testdir/real/'def run(interface_name, suiteid): print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' test begin,please waiting...' global expectxmldir, realxmldir #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录 expectdir=expectxmldir+interface_name realdir=realxmldir+interface_name if os.path.exists(expectdir) == 0: os.makedirs(expectdir) if os.path.exists(realdir) == 0: os.makedirs(realdir) excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据 casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数 caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取case基本信息 #遍历执行case for caseid in range(0, casecount): #检查是否执行该case if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='n': write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, 'nt') continue #当前case结束，继续执行下一个case #获取测试数据 sinput=httpstring+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist) xmlstring=httpinvoke(com_ipport, sinput) #执行调用 #获取返回码并比较 result_code=et.fromstring(xmlstring).find("result_code").text ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retcol) #保存预期结果文件 expectpath=expectdir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' #savexmlfile(expectpath, xmlstring) #保存实际结果文件 realpath=realdir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' savexmlfile(realpath, xmlstring) #比较预期结果和实际结果 ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectpath, realpath) #写测试结果 write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, ret1, ret2) print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' test end!' |
3、测试入口
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# main.py# author : vince# version : 1.0# date : 2011-3-16# description: 测试组装，用例执行入口#****************************************************************from testframe import *from xxx_server_case import *import xxx_server_case#产品系统接口测试#设置测试环境xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'/testdir/xxx_testcase.xls')xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com'#add testsuite beginrun("xxx_book_list", 4)#add other suite from here#add testsuite endstatisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)xxx_server_case.excelobj.close() |
希望本文所述对大家python程序设计有所帮助。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24373725/article/details/77992656
