本文实例讲述了Python将多个映射合并为单个映射的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
问题:在逻辑上将多个字典或映射合并为一个单独的映射结构,以此执行某些特定的操作,比如查找值或者检查键是否存在
解决方案:利用collections
模块中的ChainMap
类
ChainMap
可接受多个映射然后在逻辑上使它们表现为一个单独的映射结构。这些映射在字面上并不会合并在一起。相反,ChainMap
只是简单地维护一个记录底层映射关系的列表,然后重定义常见的字典操作来扫描这个列表。
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# example.py # # Example of combining dicts into a chainmap a = { 'x' : 1 , 'z' : 3 } b = { 'y' : 2 , 'z' : 4 } # (a) Simple example of combining from collections import ChainMap c = ChainMap(a,b) #如果有重复的键,那么会采用第一个映射中所对应的值。 print (c[ 'x' ]) # Outputs 1 (from a) print (c[ 'y' ]) # Outputs 2 (from b) print (c[ 'z' ]) # Outputs 3 (from a) # Output some common values print ( 'len(c):' , len (c)) print ( 'c.keys():' , list (c.keys())) print ( 'c.values():' , list (c.values())) # Modify some values c[ 'z' ] = 10 c[ 'w' ] = 40 print ( "a:" , a) del c[ 'x' ] print ( "a:" , a) # Example of stacking mappings (like scopes) values = ChainMap() values[ 'x' ] = 1 # Add a new mapping values = values.new_child() values[ 'x' ] = 2 # Add a new mapping values = values.new_child() values[ 'x' ] = 3 print (values) print (values[ 'x' ]) # Discard last mapping values = values.parents print (values) print (values[ 'x' ]) # Discard last mapping values = values.parents print (values) print (values[ 'x' ]) |
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>>> = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = RESTART = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = >>> 1 2 3 len (c): 3 c.keys(): [ 'y' , 'x' , 'z' ] c.values(): [ 2 , 1 , 3 ] a: { 'x' : 1 , 'z' : 10 , 'w' : 40 } a: { 'z' : 10 , 'w' : 40 } ChainMap({ 'x' : 3 }, { 'x' : 2 }, { 'x' : 1 }) 3 ChainMap({ 'x' : 2 }, { 'x' : 1 }) 2 ChainMap({ 'x' : 1 }) 1 >>> |
另外ChainMap操作的是原始字典,可以避免一些令人不悦的行为,例如其中任何一个原始字典的修改无法反应到合并后的字典中。
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>>> a = { 'x' : 1 , 'z' : 3 } >>> b = { 'y' : 2 , 'z' : 4 } >>> merged = ChainMap(a,b) >>> merged ChainMap({ 'x' : 1 , 'z' : 3 }, { 'y' : 2 , 'z' : 4 }) >>> merged[ 'x' ] 1 >>> a[ 'x' ] = 55 >>> merged[ 'x' ] 55 >>> merged ChainMap({ 'x' : 55 , 'z' : 3 }, { 'y' : 2 , 'z' : 4 }) >>> |
(代码摘自《Python Cookbook》)
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/apple2016/p/5751301.html