本文主要通过实例介绍了scrapy框架的使用，分享了两个例子，爬豆瓣文本例程 douban 和图片例程 douban_imgs ，具体如下。
例程1： douban
目录树
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douban--douban --spiders --__init__.py --bookspider.py --douban_comment_spider.py --doumailspider.py --__init__.py --items.py --pipelines.py --settings.py--scrapy.cfg |
–spiders–init.py
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# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project## Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage# your spiders. |
bookspider.py
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-'''by sudo rm -rf http://imchenkun.com'''import scrapyfrom douban.items import DoubanBookItemclass BookSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'douban-book' allowed_domains = ['douban.com'] start_urls = [ 'https://book.douban.com/top250' ] def parse(self, response): # 请求第一页 yield scrapy.Request(response.url, callback=self.parse_next) # 请求其它页 for page in response.xpath('//div[@class="paginator"]/a'): link = page.xpath('@href').extract()[0] yield scrapy.Request(link, callback=self.parse_next) def parse_next(self, response): for item in response.xpath('//tr[@class="item"]'): book = DoubanBookItem() book['name'] = item.xpath('td[2]/div[1]/a/@title').extract()[0] book['content'] = item.xpath('td[2]/p/text()').extract()[0] book['ratings'] = item.xpath('td[2]/div[2]/span[2]/text()').extract()[0] yield book |
douban_comment_spider.py
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom faker import Factoryfrom douban.items import DoubanMovieCommentItemimport urlparsef = Factory.create()class MailSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'douban-comment' allowed_domains = ['accounts.douban.com', 'douban.com'] start_urls = [ 'https://www.douban.com/' ] headers = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Host': 'accounts.douban.com', 'User-Agent': f.user_agent() } formdata = { 'form_email': '你的邮箱', 'form_password': '你的密码', # 'captcha-solution': '', # 'captcha-id': '', 'login': '登录', 'redir': 'https://www.douban.com/', 'source': 'None' } def start_requests(self): return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login', headers=self.headers, meta={'cookiejar': 1}, callback=self.parse_login)] def parse_login(self, response): # 如果有验证码要人为处理 if 'captcha_image' in response.body: print 'Copy the link:' link = response.xpath('//img[@class="captcha_image"]/@src').extract()[0] print link captcha_solution = raw_input('captcha-solution:') captcha_id = urlparse.parse_qs(urlparse.urlparse(link).query, True)['id'] self.formdata['captcha-solution'] = captcha_solution self.formdata['captcha-id'] = captcha_id return [scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response, formdata=self.formdata, headers=self.headers, meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, callback=self.after_login )] def after_login(self, response): print response.status self.headers['Host'] = "www.douban.com" yield scrapy.Request(url='https://movie.douban.com/subject/22266320/reviews', meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parse_comment_url) yield scrapy.Request(url='https://movie.douban.com/subject/22266320/reviews', meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parse_next_page, dont_filter = True) #不去重 def parse_next_page(self, response): print response.status try: next_url = response.urljoin(response.xpath('//span[@class="next"]/a/@href').extract()[0]) print "下一页" print next_url yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url, meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parse_comment_url, dont_filter = True) yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url, meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parse_next_page, dont_filter = True) except: print "Next page Error" return def parse_comment_url(self, response): print response.status for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="main review-item"]'): comment_url = item.xpath('header/h3[@class="title"]/a/@href').extract()[0] comment_title = item.xpath('header/h3[@class="title"]/a/text()').extract()[0] print comment_title print comment_url yield scrapy.Request(url=comment_url, meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parse_comment) def parse_comment(self, response): print response.status for item in response.xpath('//div[@id="content"]'): comment = DoubanMovieCommentItem() comment['useful_num'] = item.xpath('//div[@class="main-panel-useful"]/button[1]/text()').extract()[0].strip() comment['no_help_num'] = item.xpath('//div[@class="main-panel-useful"]/button[2]/text()').extract()[0].strip() comment['people'] = item.xpath('//span[@property="v:reviewer"]/text()').extract()[0] comment['people_url'] = item.xpath('//header[@class="main-hd"]/a[1]/@href').extract()[0] comment['star'] = item.xpath('//header[@class="main-hd"]/span[1]/@title').extract()[0] data_type = item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div/@data-original').extract()[0] print "data_type: "+data_type if data_type == '0': comment['comment'] = "\t#####\t".join(map(lambda x:x.strip(), item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div/p/text()').extract())) elif data_type == '1': comment['comment'] = "\t#####\t".join(map(lambda x:x.strip(), item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div[1]/text()').extract())) comment['title'] = item.xpath('//span[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract()[0] comment['comment_page_url'] = response.url #print comment yield comment |
doumailspider.py
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-'''by sudo rm -rf http://imchenkun.com'''import scrapyfrom faker import Factoryfrom douban.items import DoubanMailItemimport urlparsef = Factory.create()class MailSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'douban-mail' allowed_domains = ['accounts.douban.com', 'douban.com'] start_urls = [ 'https://www.douban.com/' ] headers = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Host': 'accounts.douban.com', 'User-Agent': f.user_agent() } formdata = { 'form_email': '你的邮箱', 'form_password': '你的密码', # 'captcha-solution': '', # 'captcha-id': '', 'login': '登录', 'redir': 'https://www.douban.com/', 'source': 'None' } def start_requests(self): return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login', headers=self.headers, meta={'cookiejar': 1}, callback=self.parse_login)] def parse_login(self, response): # 如果有验证码要人为处理 if 'captcha_image' in response.body: print 'Copy the link:' link = response.xpath('//img[@class="captcha_image"]/@src').extract()[0] print link captcha_solution = raw_input('captcha-solution:') captcha_id = urlparse.parse_qs(urlparse.urlparse(link).query, True)['id'] self.formdata['captcha-solution'] = captcha_solution self.formdata['captcha-id'] = captcha_id return [scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response, formdata=self.formdata, headers=self.headers, meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, callback=self.after_login )] def after_login(self, response): print response.status self.headers['Host'] = "www.douban.com" return scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/doumail/', meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parse_mail) def parse_mail(self, response): print response.status for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="doumail-list"]/ul/li'): mail = DoubanMailItem() mail['sender_time'] = item.xpath('div[2]/div/span[1]/text()').extract()[0] mail['sender_from'] = item.xpath('div[2]/div/span[2]/text()').extract()[0] mail['url'] = item.xpath('div[2]/p/a/@href').extract()[0] mail['title'] = item.xpath('div[2]/p/a/text()').extract()[0] print mail yield mail |
init.py
(此文件内无代码)
items.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyclass DoubanBookItem(scrapy.Item): name = scrapy.Field() # 书名 price = scrapy.Field() # 价格 edition_year = scrapy.Field() # 出版年份 publisher = scrapy.Field() # 出版社 ratings = scrapy.Field() # 评分 author = scrapy.Field() # 作者 content = scrapy.Field()class DoubanMailItem(scrapy.Item): sender_time = scrapy.Field() # 发送时间 sender_from = scrapy.Field() # 发送人 url = scrapy.Field() # 豆邮详细地址 title = scrapy.Field() # 豆邮标题class DoubanMovieCommentItem(scrapy.Item): useful_num = scrapy.Field() # 多少人评论有用 no_help_num = scrapy.Field() # 多少人评论无用 people = scrapy.Field() # 评论者 people_url = scrapy.Field() # 评论者页面 star = scrapy.Field() # 评分 comment = scrapy.Field() # 评论 title = scrapy.Field() # 标题 comment_page_url = scrapy.Field()# 当前页 |
pipelines.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-class DoubanBookPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): info = item['content'].split(' / ') # [法] 圣埃克苏佩里 / 马振聘 / 人民文学出版社 / 2003-8 / 22.00元 item['name'] = item['name'] item['price'] = info[-1] item['edition_year'] = info[-2] item['publisher'] = info[-3] return itemclass DoubanMailPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): item['title'] = item['title'].replace(' ', '').replace('\\n', '') return itemclass DoubanMovieCommentPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): return item |
settings.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Scrapy settings for douban project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:## http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'douban'SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agentfrom faker import Factoryf = Factory.create()USER_AGENT = f.user_agent()# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docs#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'Host': 'book.douban.com', 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Connection': 'keep-alive',}#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',# 'Accept-Language': 'en',#}# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {# 'douban.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {# 'douban.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,#}# Enable or disable extensions# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = { #'douban.pipelines.DoubanBookPipeline': 300, #'douban.pipelines.DoubanMailPipeline': 600, 'douban.pipelines.DoubanMovieCommentPipeline': 900,}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage' |
scrapy.cfg
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# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject## For more information about the [deploy] section see:# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.org/en/latest/deploy.html[settings]default = douban.settings[deploy]#url = http://localhost:6800/project = douban |
例程2： douban_imgs
目录树
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douban_imgs--douban --spiders --__init__.py --download_douban.py --__init__.py --items.py --pipelines.py --run_spider.py --settings.py--scrapy.cfg |
–spiders–init.py
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# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project## Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage# your spiders. |
download_douban.py
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# coding=utf-8from scrapy.spiders import Spiderimport refrom scrapy import Requestfrom douban_imgs.items import DoubanImgsItemclass download_douban(Spider): name = 'download_douban' default_headers = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6', 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Host': 'www.douban.com', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36', } def __init__(self, url='1638835355', *args, **kwargs): self.allowed_domains = ['douban.com'] self.start_urls = [ 'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/%s/' % (url)] self.url = url # call the father base function #super(download_douban, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def start_requests(self): for url in self.start_urls: yield Request(url=url, headers=self.default_headers, callback=self.parse) def parse(self, response): list_imgs = response.xpath('//div[@class="photolst clearfix"]//img/@src').extract() if list_imgs: item = DoubanImgsItem() item['image_urls'] = list_imgs yield item |
init.py
(此文件内无代码)
items.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define here the models for your scraped items## See documentation in:# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyfrom scrapy import Item, Fieldclass DoubanImgsItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() image_urls = Field() images = Field() image_paths = Field() |
pipelines.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlfrom scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipelinefrom scrapy.exceptions import DropItemfrom scrapy import Requestfrom scrapy import logclass DoubanImgsPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): return itemclass DoubanImgDownloadPipeline(ImagesPipeline): default_headers = { 'accept': 'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6', 'cookie': 'bid=yQdC/AzTaCw', 'referer': 'https://www.douban.com/photos/photo/2370443040/', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36', } def get_media_requests(self, item, info): for image_url in item['image_urls']: self.default_headers['referer'] = image_url yield Request(image_url, headers=self.default_headers) def item_completed(self, results, item, info): image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok] if not image_paths: raise DropItem("Item contains no images") item['image_paths'] = image_paths return item |
run_spider.py
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from scrapy import cmdlinecmd_str = 'scrapy crawl download_douban'cmdline.execute(cmd_str.split(' ')) |
settings.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Scrapy settings for douban_imgs project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:## http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'douban_imgs'SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban_imgs.spiders']NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban_imgs.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent# USER_AGENT = 'douban_imgs (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS=32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docs# DOWNLOAD_DELAY=3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN=16# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP=16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)# COOKIES_ENABLED=False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED=False# Override the default request headers:# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',# 'Accept-Language': 'en',# }# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {# 'douban_imgs.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,# }# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {# 'douban_imgs.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,# }# Enable or disable extensions# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html# EXTENSIONS = {# 'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,# }# Configure item pipelines# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = { 'douban_imgs.pipelines.DoubanImgDownloadPipeline': 300,}IMAGES_STORE = 'D:\\doubanimgs'#IMAGES_STORE = '/tmp'IMAGES_EXPIRES = 90# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html# NOTE: AutoThrottle will honour the standard settings for concurrency and delay# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED=True# The initial download delay# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY=5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY=60# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG=False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED=True# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS=0# HTTPCACHE_DIR='httpcache'# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES=[]# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE='scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage' |
scrapy.cfg
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# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject## For more information about the [deploy] section see:# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.org/en/latest/deploy.html[settings]default = douban_imgs.settings[deploy]#url = http://localhost:6800/project = douban_imgs |
总结
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原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/nnnnnnnnnnnny/article/details/54426779
