本文实例讲述了Java中的拦截器、过滤器、监听器用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
一、拦截器 :是在面向切面编程的就是在你的service或者一个方法,前调用一个方法,或者在方法后调用一个方法比如动态代理就是拦截器的简单实现,在你调用方 法前打印出字符串(或者做其它业务逻辑的操作),也可以在你调用方法后打印出字符串,甚至在你抛出异常的时候做业务逻辑的操作。
1.Struts2拦截器是在访问某个Action或Action的某个方法,字段之前或之后实施拦截,并且Struts2拦截器是可插拔的,拦截器是AOP的一种实现。
2.拦截器栈(Interceptor Stack)Struts2拦截器栈就是将拦截器按一定的顺序联结成一条链。在访问被拦截的方法或字段时,Struts2拦截器链中的拦截器就会按其之前定义的顺序被调用。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
|
package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = -6410044851077844880L; /** * 在struts.xml <param name="lzw">struts</param> */ private String lzw; public String getLzw() { return lzw; } public void setLzw(String lzw) { this .lzw = lzw; } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println( "destroy!" ); } @Override public void init() { System.out.println( "init!" ); } @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { System.out.println( "MyInterceptor-start" ); System.out.println(lzw); String result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println( "MyInterceptor-end" ); return result; } } |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor; public class FirstInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { System.out.println( "FirstInterceptor-Start" ); String result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println( "FirstInterceptor-End" ); return result; } } |
struts.xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
|
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> < struts > <!--开发模式开关,本地可以设为true帮助调试问题,部署到服务器上设为false--> < constant name = "struts.devMode" value = "false" /> <!--务必配上该属性,否则会导致AOP注入异常--> < constant name = "struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value = "true" /> < constant name = "struts.i18n.encoding" value = "UTF-8" /> < constant name = "struts.multipart.maxSize" value = "1000000000" /> < package name = "strutsLzw" extends = "struts-default" namespace = "/" > < interceptors > < interceptor name = "lzwInterceptorA" class = "com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" > < param name = "lzw" >struts</ param > </ interceptor > < interceptor name = "lzwInterceptorB" class = "com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.FirstInterceptor" > </ interceptor > <!-- 定义自己的拦截器栈 --> < interceptor-stack name = "myStack" > < interceptor-ref name = "lzwInterceptorA" ></ interceptor-ref > < interceptor-ref name = "lzwInterceptorB" ></ interceptor-ref > < interceptor-ref name = "defaultStack" ></ interceptor-ref > </ interceptor-stack > </ interceptors > <!-- 全局的每个action都会拦截 --> < default-interceptor-ref name = "myStack" ></ default-interceptor-ref > <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 执行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否则执行execute方法 --> < action name = "login" class = "com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method = "lzwTest" > < result name = "success" >/result.jsp</ result > < result name = "failer" >/error.jsp</ result > < result name = "input" >/error.jsp</ result > </ action > </ package > </ struts > |
或者:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> < struts > < package name = "strutsLzw" extends = "struts-default" > < interceptors > < interceptor name = "lzwInterceptor" class = "com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" > < param name = "lzw" >struts</ param > </ interceptor > </ interceptors > <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 执行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否则执行execute方法 --> < action name = "login" class = "com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method = "lzwTest" > < result name = "success" >/result.jsp</ result > < result name = "failer" >/error.jsp</ result > < result name = "input" >/error.jsp</ result > < interceptor-ref name = "lzwInterceptor" ></ interceptor-ref > <!--增加defaultStack 否则 验证拦截器不执行,也就是 validate 方法不执行--> < interceptor-ref name = "defaultStack" ></ interceptor-ref > </ action > </ package > </ struts > |
web.xml中加入:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
< filter > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > <!-- 已经过时了<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> --> < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name >actionPackages</ param-name > < param-value >com.lzw.struts.action</ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
|
package com.lzw.struts.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this .username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this .password = password; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println( "=====execute=====" ); if ( "hello" .equals( this .getUsername().trim()) && "world" .equals( this .getPassword().trim())) { return "success" ; } else { this .addFieldError( "username" , "username or password error" ); return "failer" ; } } @Override public void validate() { System.out.println( "=====validate=====" ); if ( null == this .getUsername() || "" .equals( this .getUsername().trim())) { this .addFieldError( "username" , "username required" ); } if ( null == this .getPassword() || "" .equals( this .getPassword().trim())) { this .addFieldError( "password" , "password required" ); } } public String lzwTest() { System.out.println( "======Test====" ); return SUCCESS; } } |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
|
<%@ page language= "java" import = "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+ "://" +request.getServerName()+ ":" +request.getServerPort()+path+ "/" ; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > <html> <head> <base href= "<%=basePath%>" rel= "external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv= "pragma" content= "no-cache" > <meta http-equiv= "cache-control" content= "no-cache" > <meta http-equiv= "expires" content= "0" > <meta http-equiv= "keywords" content= "keyword1,keyword2,keyword3" > <meta http-equiv= "description" content= "This is my page" > <!-- <link rel= "stylesheet" type= "text/css" href= "styles.css" rel= "external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> <form action= "login.action" method= "post" > username:<input type= "text" name= "username" ><br> password:<input type= "password" name= "password" ><br> <input type= "submit" value= "submit" > </form> </body> </html> |
控制台结果:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
init! 2013 - 10 - 31 13 : 51 : 15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "http-apr-8080" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 13 : 51 : 15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "ajp-apr-8009" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 13 : 51 : 15 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 1699 ms MyInterceptor-start struts FirstInterceptor-Start =====validate===== ======Test==== FirstInterceptor-End MyInterceptor-end |
二、过滤器:是在java web中,你传入的request,response提前过滤掉一些信息,或者提前设置一些参数,然后再传入servlet或者struts的 action进行业务逻辑,比如过滤掉非法url(不是login.do的地址请求,如果用户没有登陆都过滤掉),或者在传入servlet或者struts的action前统一设置字符集,或者去除掉一些非法字符。主要为了减轻服务器负载,减少压力
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
|
package com.lzw.filter.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class UserAccessFilter implements Filter{ @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println( "destroy!" ); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res; HttpSession session = request.getSession(); if (session.getAttribute( "user" )== null && request.getRequestURI().indexOf( "login.jsp" )==- 1 ){ response.sendRedirect( "login.jsp" ); return ; } chain.doFilter(req, res); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException { //ApplicationFilterConfig[name=UserFilter, filterClass=com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter] System.out.println(config.toString()); } } |
web.xml 中加入:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
< filter > < filter-name >UserFilter</ filter-name > < filter-class >com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter</ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >UserFilter</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/jsp/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > |
1、拦截器是基于java的反射机制的,而过滤器是基于函数回调
2、过滤器依赖与servlet容器,而拦截器不依赖与servlet容器
3、拦截器只能对action请求起作用,而过滤器则可以对几乎所有的请求起作用
4、拦截器可以访问action上下文、值栈里的对象,而过滤器不能
5、在action的生命周期中,拦截器可以多次被调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次
在action的生命周期中,拦截器可以多次被调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次
执行顺序 :过滤前 - 拦截前 - Action处理 - 拦截后 - 过滤后。
个人认为过滤是一个横向的过程,首先把客户端提交的内容进行过滤(例如未登录用户不能访问内部页面的处理);
过滤通过后,拦截器将检查用户提交数据的验证,做一些前期的数据处理,接着把处理后的数据发给对应的Action;
Action处理完成返回后,拦截器还可以做其他过程,再向上返回到过滤器的后续操作。
三、监听器:Servlet的监听器Listener,它是实现了javax.servlet.ServletContextListener接口的服务器端程序,它也是随web应用的启动而启动,只初始化一次,随web应用的停止而销毁。
主要作用是:做一些初始化的内容添加工作、设置一些基本的内容、比如一些参数或者是一些固定的对象等等。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
package com.lzw.filter.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; public class InitDataListener implements ServletContextListener { private static ServletContext servletContext; public static ServletContext getServletContext() { return servletContext; } @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) { servletContext = contextEvent.getServletContext(); //final ApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext); System.out.println( "服务器启动完毕!" ); System.out.println(servletContext); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {} } |
web.xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <web-app xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id= "WebApp_ID" version= "3.0" > <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file> default .html</welcome-file> <welcome-file> default .htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file> default .jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <listener> <listener- class >com.lzw.filter.demo.InitDataListener</listener- class > </listener> </web-app> |
控制台结果:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
信息: Starting service Catalina 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal 信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/ 7.0 . 42 服务器启动完毕! org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade @7966340c 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "http-apr-8080" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "ajp-apr-8009" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 56 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 402 ms |
希望本文所述对大家java程序设计有所帮助。