一个系统中通常会存在如下一些以Properties形式存在的配置文件
1.数据库配置文件demo-db.properties:
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database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/smaple database.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver database.user=root database.password=123 |
2.消息服务配置文件demo-mq.properties:
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#congfig of ActiveMQ mq.java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory mq.java.naming.provider.url=failover:(tcp://localhost:61616?soTimeout=30000&connectionTimeout=30000)?jms.useAsyncSend=true&timeout=30000 mq.java.naming.security.principal= mq.java.naming.security.credentials= jms.MailNotifyQueue.consumer=5 |
3.远程调用的配置文件demo-remote.properties:
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remote.ip=localhost remote.port=16800 remote.serviceName=test |
一、系统中需要加载多个Properties配置文件
应用场景:Properties配置文件不止一个,需要在系统启动时同时加载多个Properties文件。
配置方式:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 将多个配置文件读取到容器中,交给Spring管理 --> < bean id = "propertyConfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name = "locations" > < list > <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式:classpath和file --> < value >classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</ value > <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入,这样可以将配置和代码分离 --> < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</ value > < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 --> < bean id = "MQJndiTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate" > < property name = "environment" > < props > < prop key = "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</ prop > < prop key = "userName" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</ prop > < prop key = "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
我们也可以将配置中的List抽取出来:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 将多个配置文件位置放到列表中 --> < bean id = "propertyResources" class = "java.util.ArrayList" > < constructor-arg > < list > <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式:classpath和file --> < value >classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</ value > <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入,这样可以将配置和代码分离 --> < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</ value > < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</ value > </ list > </ constructor-arg > </ bean > <!-- 将配置文件读取到容器中,交给Spring管理 --> < bean id = "propertyConfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name = "locations" ref = "propertyResources" /> </ bean > <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 --> < bean id = "MQJndiTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate" > < property name = "environment" > < props > < prop key = "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</ prop > < prop key = "userName" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</ prop > < prop key = "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
二、整合多工程下的多个分散的Properties
应用场景:工程组中有多个配置文件,但是这些配置文件在多个地方使用,所以需要分别加载。
配置如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 将DB属性配置文件位置放到列表中 --> < bean id = "dbResources" class = "java.util.ArrayList" > < constructor-arg > < list > < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</ value > </ list > </ constructor-arg > </ bean > <!-- 将MQ属性配置文件位置放到列表中 --> < bean id = "mqResources" class = "java.util.ArrayList" > < constructor-arg > < list > < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</ value > </ list > </ constructor-arg > </ bean > <!-- 用Spring加载和管理DB属性配置文件 --> < bean id = "dbPropertyConfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name = "order" value = "1" /> < property name = "ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value = "true" /> < property name = "locations" ref = "dbResources" /> </ bean > <!-- 用Spring加载和管理MQ属性配置文件 --> < bean id = "mqPropertyConfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name = "order" value = "2" /> < property name = "ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value = "true" /> < property name = "locations" ref = "mqResources" /> </ bean > <!-- 使用DB中的配置属性 --> < bean id = "rmsDataSource" class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method = "close" p:driverClassName = "${demo.db.driver}" p:url = "${demo.db.url}" p:username = "${demo.db.username}" p:password = "${demo.db.password}" pp:maxActive = "${demo.db.maxactive}" p:maxWait = "${demo.db.maxwait}" p:poolPreparedStatements = "true" p:defaultAutoCommit = "false" > </ bean > <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 --> < bean id = "MQJndiTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate" > < property name = "environment" > < props > < prop key = "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</ prop > < prop key = "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</ prop > < prop key = "userName" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</ prop > < prop key = "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
注意:其中order属性代表其加载顺序,而ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders为是否忽略不可解析的 Placeholder,如配置了多个PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,则需设置为true。这里一定需要按照这种方式设置这两个参数。
三、Bean中直接注入Properties配置文件中的值
应用场景:Bean中需要直接注入Properties配置文件中的值 。例如下面的代码中需要获取上述demo-remote.properties中的值:
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public class Client() { private String ip; private String port; private String service; } |
配置如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "<a href=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</ a >" xmlns:xsi="< a href = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</ a >" xmlns:util="< a href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</ a >" xsi:schemaLocation=" < a href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</ a > < a href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd</ a > < a href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</ a > < a href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd" rel = "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd</ a >"> <!-- 这种加载方式可以在代码中通过@Value注解进行注入, 可以将配置整体赋给Properties类型的类变量,也可以取出其中的一项赋值给String类型的类变量 --> <!-- <util:properties/> 标签只能加载一个文件,当多个属性文件需要被加载的时候,可以使用多个该标签 --> < util:properties id = "remoteSettings" location = "file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties" /> <!-- <util:properties/> 标签的实现类是PropertiesFactoryBean, 直接使用该类的bean配置,设置其locations属性可以达到一个和上面一样加载多个配置文件的目的 --> < bean id = "settings" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean" > < property name = "locations" > < list > < value >file:/opt/rms/config/rms-mq.properties</ value > < value >file:/opt/rms/config/rms-env.properties</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
Client类中使用Annotation如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; public class Client() { @Value ( "#{remoteSettings['remote.ip']}" ) private String ip; @Value ( "#{remoteSettings['remote.port']}" ) private String port; @Value ( "#{remoteSettings['remote.serviceName']}" ) private String service; } |
四、Bean中存在Properties类型的类变量
应用场景:当Bean中存在Properties类型的类变量需要以注入的方式初始化
1. 配置方式:我们可以用(三)中的配置方式,只是代码中注解修改如下
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class Client() { @Value ( "#{remoteSettings}" ) private Properties remoteSettings; } |
2. 配置方式:也可以使用xml中声明Bean并且注入
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 可以使用如下的方式声明Properties类型的FactoryBean来加载配置文件,这种方式就只能当做Properties属性注入,而不能获其中具体的值 --> < bean id = "remoteConfigs" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean" > < property name = "locations" > < list > < value >file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > <!-- 远端调用客户端类 --> < bean id = "client" class = "com.demo.remote.Client" > < property name = "properties" ref = "remoteConfigs" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
代码如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class Client() { //@Autowired也可以使用 private Properties remoteSettings; //getter setter } |
五、使用通配符加载多个properties文件
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< context:property-placeholder location = "file:///${CONFIG_PATH}/*.properties" /> |
或者
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< context:property-placeholder location = "classpath*:/*.properties" /> |
上述的各个场景在项目群中特别有用,需要灵活的使用上述各种配置方式。以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/iguiyi/article/details/51890557