本文实例讲述了Jaxb2实现JavaBean与xml互转的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
一、简介
JAXB(Java Architecture for XML Binding) 是一个业界的标准,是一项可以根据XML Schema产生Java类的技术。该过程中,JAXB也提供了将XML实例文档反向生成Java对象树的方法,并能将Java对象树的内容重新写到 XML实例文档。
Jaxb 2.0是JDK 1.6的组成部分。我们不需要下载第三方jar包 即可做到轻松转换。Jaxb2使用了JDK的新特性,如:Annotation、GenericType等,需要在即将转换的JavaBean中添加annotation注解。
二、重要概念
JAXBContext类,是应用的入口,用于管理XML/Java绑定信息。
Marshaller接口,将Java对象序列化为XML数据。
Unmarshaller接口,将XML数据反序列化为Java对象。
@XmlType,将Java类或枚举类型映射到XML模式类型
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) ,控制字段或属性的序列化。FIELD表示JAXB将自动绑定Java类中的每个非静态的(static)、非瞬态的(由@XmlTransient标 注)字段到XML。其他值还有XmlAccessType.PROPERTY和XmlAccessType.NONE。
@XmlAccessorOrder,控制JAXB 绑定类中属性和字段的排序。
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter,使用定制的适配器(即扩展抽象类XmlAdapter并覆盖marshal()和unmarshal()方法),以序列化Java类为XML。
@XmlElementWrapper ,对于数组或集合(即包含多个元素的成员变量),生成一个包装该数组或集合的XML元素(称为包装器)。
@XmlRootElement,将Java类或枚举类型映射到XML元素。
@XmlElement,将Java类的一个属性映射到与属性同名的一个XML元素。
@XmlAttribute,将Java类的一个属性映射到与属性同名的一个XML属性。
三、示例
1、准备工作
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package utils; import java.io.StringReader; import java.io.StringWriter; import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext; import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller; import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller; /** * Jaxb2工具类 * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:40:14 */ public class JaxbUtil { /** * JavaBean转换成xml * 默认编码UTF-8 * @param obj * @param writer * @return */ public static String convertToXml(Object obj) { return convertToXml(obj, "UTF-8" ); } /** * JavaBean转换成xml * @param obj * @param encoding * @return */ public static String convertToXml(Object obj, String encoding) { String result = null ; try { JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(obj.getClass()); Marshaller marshaller = context.createMarshaller(); marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true ); marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, encoding); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); marshaller.marshal(obj, writer); result = writer.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /** * xml转换成JavaBean * @param xml * @param c * @return */ @SuppressWarnings ( "unchecked" ) public static <T> T converyToJavaBean(String xml, Class<T> c) { T t = null ; try { JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(c); Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller(); t = (T) unmarshaller.unmarshal( new StringReader(xml)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return t; } } |
非常简单易懂,需要注意的是
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marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true ); marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, encoding); |
Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT 决定是否在转换成xml时同时进行格式化(即按标签自动换行,否则即是一行的xml)
Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING xml的编码方式
另外,Marshaller 还有其他Property可以设置,可以去查阅api。
2、最简单转换
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package t1; import java.util.Date; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:49:48 */ @XmlAccessorType (XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement @XmlType (name = "book" , propOrder = { "author" , "calendar" , "price" , "id" }) public class Book { @XmlElement (required = true ) private String author; @XmlElement (name = "price_1" , required = true ) private float price; @XmlElement private Date calendar; @XmlAttribute private Integer id; /** * @return the author */ public String getAuthor() { return author; } /** * @return the price */ public float getPrice() { return price; } /** * @return the calendar */ public Date getCalendar() { return calendar; } /** * @return the id */ public Integer getId() { return id; } /** * @param author the author to set */ public void setAuthor(String author) { this .author = author; } /** * @param price the price to set */ public void setPrice( float price) { this .price = price; } /** * @param calendar the calendar to set */ public void setCalendar(Date calendar) { this .calendar = calendar; } /** * @param id the id to set */ public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */ @Override public String toString() { return "Book [author=" + author + ", price=" + price + ", calendar=" + calendar + ", id=" + id + "]" ; } } |
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package t1; import java.util.Date; import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException; import org.junit.Test; import utils.JaxbUtil; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:50:00 */ public class JaxbTest1 { /** * @throws JAXBException */ @Test public void showMarshaller() { Book book = new Book(); book.setId( 100 ); book.setAuthor( "James" ); book.setCalendar( new Date()); book.setPrice( 23 .45f); //默认是0.0 String str = JaxbUtil.convertToXml(book); System.out.println(str); } /** * @throws JAXBException */ @Test public void showUnMarshaller() { String str = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>" + "<book id=\"100\">" + " <author>James</author>" + " <calendar>2013-03-29T09:25:56.004+08:00</calendar>" + " <price_1>23.45</price_1>" + "</book>" ; Book book = JaxbUtil.converyToJavaBean(str, Book. class ); System.out.println(book); } } |
输出结果分别为:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "yes" ?> < book id = "100" > < author >James</ author > < calendar >2013-03-29T14:50:58.974+08:00</ calendar > < price_1 >23.45</ price_1 > </ book > Book [author=James, price=23.45, calendar=Fri Mar 29 09:25:56 CST 2013, id=100] |
3、类中包含复杂对象的转换
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package t2; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:51:44 */ @XmlAccessorType (XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement (name = "student" ) @XmlType (propOrder = {}) public class Student { @XmlAttribute private Integer id; @XmlElement private String name; @XmlElement (name = "role" ) private Role role; /** * @return the id */ public Integer getId() { return id; } /** * @return the name */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * @return the role */ public Role getRole() { return role; } /** * @param id the id to set */ public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } /** * @param name the name to set */ public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } /** * @param role the role to set */ public void setRole(Role role) { this .role = role; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */ @Override public String toString() { return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", role=" + role + "]" ; } } |
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package t2; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:51:52 */ @XmlAccessorType (XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlType (propOrder = { "name" , "desc" }) public class Role { @XmlElement private String name; @XmlElement private String desc; /** * @return the name */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * @return the desc */ public String getDesc() { return desc; } /** * @param name the name to set */ public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } /** * @param desc the desc to set */ public void setDesc(String desc) { this .desc = desc; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */ @Override public String toString() { return "Role [name=" + name + ", desc=" + desc + "]" ; } } |
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package t2; import org.junit.Test; import utils.JaxbUtil; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:52:00 */ public class JaxbTest2 { @Test public void showMarshaller() { Student student = new Student(); student.setId( 12 ); student.setName( "test" ); Role role = new Role(); role.setDesc( "管理" ); role.setName( "班长" ); student.setRole(role); String str = JaxbUtil.convertToXml(student); System.out.println(str); } @Test public void showUnMarshaller() { String str = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>" + "<student id=\"12\">" + " <name>test</name>" + " <role>" + " <name>班长</name>" + " <desc>管理</desc>" + "</role>" + "</student>" ; Student student = JaxbUtil.converyToJavaBean(str, Student. class ); System.out.println(student); } } |
输出结果分别为:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "yes" ?> < student id = "12" > < name >test</ name > < role > < name >班长</ name > < desc >管理</ desc > </ role > </ student > Student [id=12, name=test, role=Role [name=班长, desc=管理]] |
4、集合对象的转换(同样适用于Set)
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package t3; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElementWrapper; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:55:56 */ @XmlAccessorType (XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement (name = "country" ) @XmlType (propOrder = { "name" , "provinceList" }) public class Country { @XmlElement (name = "country_name" ) private String name; @XmlElementWrapper (name = "provinces" ) @XmlElement (name = "province" ) private List<Province> provinceList; /** * @return the name */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * @return the provinceList */ public List<Province> getProvinceList() { return provinceList; } /** * @param name the name to set */ public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } /** * @param provinceList the provinceList to set */ public void setProvinceList(List<Province> provinceList) { this .provinceList = provinceList; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */ @Override public String toString() { return "Country [name=" + name + ", provinceList=" + provinceList + "]" ; } } |
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package t3; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:56:03 */ @XmlAccessorType (XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlType (propOrder = { "name" , "provCity" }) public class Province { @XmlElement (name = "province_name" ) private String name; @XmlElement (name = "prov_city" ) private String provCity; /** * @return the provCity */ public String getProvCity() { return provCity; } /** * @param provCity the provCity to set */ public void setProvCity(String provCity) { this .provCity = provCity; } /** * @return the name */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * @param name the name to set */ public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */ @Override public String toString() { return "Province [name=" + name + ", provCity=" + provCity + "]" ; } } |
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package t3; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; import utils.JaxbUtil; /** * @author zhuc * @create 2013-3-29 下午2:56:11 */ public class JaxbTest3 { /** * @throws JAXBException */ @Test public void showMarshaller() { Country country = new Country(); country.setName( "中国" ); List<Province> list = new ArrayList<Province>(); Province province = new Province(); province.setName( "江苏省" ); province.setProvCity( "南京市" ); Province province2 = new Province(); province2.setName( "浙江省" ); province2.setProvCity( "杭州市" ); list.add(province); list.add(province2); country.setProvinceList(list); String str = JaxbUtil.convertToXml(country); System.out.println(str); } /** * */ @Test public void showUnMarshaller() { String str = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>" + "<country>" + " <country_name>中国</country_name>" + " <provinces>" + " <province>" + " <province_name>江苏省</province_name>" + " <prov_city>南京市</prov_city>" + " </province>" + " <province>" + " <province_name>浙江省</province_name>" + " <prov_city>杭州市</prov_city>" + " </province>" + " </provinces>" + "</country>" ; Country country = JaxbUtil.converyToJavaBean(str, Country. class ); System.out.println(country); } } |
输出结果分别为:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "yes" ?> < country > < country_name >中国</ country_name > < provinces > < province > < province_name >江苏省</ province_name > < prov_city >南京市</ prov_city > </ province > < province > < province_name >浙江省</ province_name > < prov_city >杭州市</ prov_city > </ province > </ provinces > </ country > Country [name=中国, provinceList=[Province [name=江苏省, provCity=南京市], Province [name=浙江省, provCity=杭州市]]] |
希望本文所述对大家java程序设计有所帮助。