什么是AspectJ
AspectJ是一个面向切面的框架,它扩展了Java语言。AspectJ定义了AOP语法所以它有一个专门的编译器用来生成遵守Java字节编码规范的Class文件。
AspectJ是一个基于Java语言的AOP框架
Spring2.0以后新增了对AspectJ切点表达式支持
@AspectJ 是AspectJ1.5新增功能,通过JDK5注解技术,允许直接在Bean类中定义切面
新版本Spring框架,建议使用AspectJ方式来开发AOP
AspectJ表达式:
语法:execution(表达式)
- execution(<访问修饰符>?<返回类型><方法名>(<参数>)<异常>)
- execution(“ cn.itcast.spring3.demo1.dao.(..)”) ---只检索当前包
- execution(“ cn.itcast.spring3.demo1.dao..(..)”) ---检索包及当前包的子包.
- execution( cn.itcast.dao.GenericDAO+.(..)) ---检索GenericDAO及子类
AspectJ增强:
- @Before 前置通知,相当于BeforeAdvice
- @AfterReturning 后置通知,相当于AfterReturningAdvice
- @Around 环绕通知,相当于MethodInterceptor
- @AfterThrowing抛出通知,相当于ThrowAdvice
- @After 最终final通知,不管是否异常,该通知都会执行
- @DeclareParents 引介通知,相当于IntroductionInterceptor (不要求掌握)
基于注解
第一步:引入相应jar包.
aspectj依赖aop环境.
spring-aspects-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
com.springsource.org.aspectj.weaver-1.6.8.RELEASE.jar
第二步:编写被增强的类:
UserDao
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package cn.spring3.demo1; /** * @author NOP * 被代理的对象 */ public class UserDao { public void add() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "添加客户" ); } public void delete() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "删除客户" ); int i= 1 / 0 ; } public String find() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "查询客户" ); return "fanhuizhi" ; } public void update() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "修改客户" ); } } |
第三步:使用AspectJ注解形式:
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package cn.spring3.demo1; import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; /** * @author NOP 切面类:就是切点与增强结合 * 前置增强 */ @Aspect public class MyAspect { @Before (value = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.add(..))" ) //这里写表达式,写哪些类需要添加 public void before(JoinPoint joinpoint) { System.out.println( "前置增强..." +joinpoint); } @AfterReturning (value = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.find(..))" ,returning= "returnVal" ) //这里写表达式,写哪些类需要添加 public void afterReturning(Object returnVal){ System.out.println( "后置增强..." + "方法的返回值" +returnVal); } @Around (value = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.delete(..))" ) //这里写表达式,写哪些类需要添加 public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable{ System.out.println( "环绕前增强..." ); Object obj = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println( "环绕后增强..." ); return obj; } @AfterThrowing (value = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.delete(..))" ,throwing= "ex" ) //这里写表达式,写哪些类需要添加 public void afterThrowing(Throwable ex) throws Throwable{ System.out.println( "不跑了出异常了..." +ex.getMessage()); } //@After(value = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.delete(..))")//这里写表达式,写哪些类需要添加 @After ( "MyAspect.MyPointCut()" ) //类名.方法名 public void after(){ System.out.println( "最终通知" ); //不管有没有异常都会通知 } //仅是为了定义一个通用的表达式 @Pointcut (value = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.delete(..))" ) private void MyPointCut(){ } } |
第四步:创建applicationContext.xml
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" * 引入aop的约束: * <!-- 自动生成代理 底层就是AnnotationAwareAspectJautoProxyCreator --> < aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> < bean id = "userDao" class = "cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao" /> < bean id = "MyAspect" class = "cn.spring3.demo1.MyAspect" /> |
第五步,编写测试类
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package cn.spring3.demo1; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4Cla***unner; /** * @author NOP * 自动方式代理没有切点切面的增强 */ @RunWith (SpringJUnit4Cla***unner. class ) @ContextConfiguration ( "classpath:applicationContext.xml" ) public class SpringTest1 { @Autowired @Qualifier ( "userDao" ) private UserDao userDao; @Test public void demo1(){ System.out.println( "-----------------" ); userDao.add(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); userDao.find(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); userDao.delete(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); userDao.update(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); } } 测试结果: ----------------- 前置增强...execution( void cn.spring3.demo1.UserDao.add()) 添加客户 ----------------- 查询客户 后置增强...方法的返回值fanhuizhi ----------------- 环绕前增强... 删除客户 最终通知 不跑了出异常了.../ by zero |
AspectJ的通知类型:
- @Before 前置通知,相当于BeforeAdvice
- 就在方法之前执行.没有办法阻止目标方法执行的.
- @AfterReturning 后置通知,相当于AfterReturningAdvice
- 后置通知,获得方法返回值.
- @Around 环绕通知,相当于MethodInterceptor
- 在可以方法之前和之后来执行的,而且可以阻止目标方法的执行.
- @AfterThrowing抛出通知,相当于ThrowAdvice
- @After 最终final通知,不管是否异常,该通知都会执行
- @DeclareParents 引介通知,相当于IntroductionInterceptor (不要求掌握)
切点的定义:
@Pointcut("execution(* cn.itcast.spring3.demo1.UserDao.find(..))")
private void myPointcut(){}
面试:
Advisor和Aspect的区别?
Advisor:Spring传统意义上的切面:支持一个切点和一个通知的组合.
Aspect:可以支持多个切点和多个通知的组合
基于XML
ProductDao
第一步:编写被增强的类:
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package cn.spring3.demo2; public class ProductDao { public void add() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "添加商品" ); } public void delete() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "删除商品" ); } public void find() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "查询商品" ); int i = 1 / 0 ; } public String update() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println( "修改商品" ); return "woshitest" ; } } |
第二步:定义切面
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package cn.spring3.demo2; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; /** * @author NOP * 切面类 */ public class MyAspectXML { /* * */ public void before(){ System.out.println( "前置增强" ); } public void afterReturning(Object returnVal){ System.out.println( "后置增强" +returnVal); } public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable{ System.out.println( "环绕前增强" ); Object obj = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println( "环绕后增强" ); return obj; } public void afterThrowing(Throwable ex){ System.out.println( "不跑了出异常了..." +ex.getMessage()); } public void after(){ System.out.println( "最终通知" ); //不管有没有异常都会通知 } } |
第三步:配置applicationContext.xml
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<!-- 定义被增强的类 --> < bean id = "productDao" class = "cn.spring3.demo2.ProductDao" /> <!-- 定义切面 --> < bean id = "myAspectXML" class = "cn.spring3.demo2.MyAspectXML" /> <!-- 定义aop配置 --> < aop:config > <!-- 定义切点: --> < aop:pointcut expression = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo2.ProductDao.add(..))" id = "mypointcut" /> <!-- 定义切点: --> < aop:pointcut expression = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo2.ProductDao.update(..))" id = "mypointcutar" /> <!-- 定义切点: --> < aop:pointcut expression = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo2.ProductDao.delete(..))" id = "mypointcutaar" /> <!-- 定义切点: --> < aop:pointcut expression = "execution(* cn.spring3.demo2.ProductDao.find(..))" id = "mypointcutaat" /> < aop:aspect ref = "myAspectXML" > <!-- 前置通知--> < aop:before method = "before" pointcut-ref = "mypointcut" /> <!-- 后置通知 --> < aop:after-returning method = "afterReturning" pointcut-ref = "mypointcutar" returning = "returnVal" /> <!-- 环绕通知 --> < aop:around method = "around" pointcut-ref = "mypointcutaar" /> <!-- 异常通知 --> < aop:after-throwing method = "afterThrowing" throwing = "ex" pointcut-ref = "mypointcutaat" /> <!-- 最终通知//不管有没有异常都会通知 --> < aop:after method = "after" pointcut-ref = "mypointcutaat" /> </ aop:aspect > </ aop:config > |
第四步:编写测试类
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package cn.spring3.demo2; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4Cla***unner; @RunWith (SpringJUnit4Cla***unner. class ) @ContextConfiguration ( "classpath:applicationContext2.xml" ) public class SpringTest2 { @Autowired @Qualifier ( "productDao" ) private ProductDao productDao; @Test public void demo1(){ System.out.println( "-----------------" ); productDao.add(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); productDao.find(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); productDao.delete(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); productDao.update(); System.out.println( "-----------------" ); } } 测试结果: ----------------- 前置增强 添加商品 ----------------- 查询商品 不跑了出异常了.../ by zero 最终通知 |
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.51cto.com/4534309/2112449