服务器之家：专注于服务器技术及软件下载分享
分类导航

云服务器|WEB服务器|FTP服务器|邮件服务器|虚拟主机|服务器安全|DNS服务器|服务器知识|Nginx|IIS|Tomcat|

服务器之家 - 服务器技术 - 服务器知识 - 集群运维自动化工具ansible的安装与使用（包括模块与playbook使用）(2)

集群运维自动化工具ansible的安装与使用（包括模块与playbook使用）(2)

2020-08-31 19:47服务器技术网 服务器知识

11、自定义模块 默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible 在这个目录创建一个目录hostname，然后把下面文件放到此目录 ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15:03:26 # cat /u


11、自定义模块
默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
在这个目录创建一个目录hostname，然后把下面文件放到此目录

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname
#!/bin/bash
#This script is modify system hostname
set -e
# This is potentially dangerous
source ${1}
OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)"
CHANGED="False"
if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ];
then
hostname $hostname
OLDHOSTNAME="$hostname"
CHANGED="True"
fi
echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}"
exit 0

查看一下vpn的当前hostname

?
1
2
3
4
15:03:29 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
ip-10-10-32-34

然后编写playbook

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml
- name: Test the hostname file
 hosts: vpn
 tasks:
  - name: Set the hostname
   hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34

 运行这个模块

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k
SSH password:
 
PLAY [Test the hostname file] *************************************************
 
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [Set the hostname] ******************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=0  unreachable=0  failed=0

然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml
- name: Test the hostname file
 hosts: vpn
 tasks:
  - name: Set the hostname
   hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test

 在playbook运行

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -s
SSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
 
PLAY [Test the hostname file] *************************************************
 
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [Set the hostname] ******************************************************
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0 
 
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
16:26:55 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
ip-10-10-32-34-test

12、playbook扩展var
扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量，在执行的时候制定变量从而执行，大大的提供了重复使用率
下面做个测试

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

可以看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件内容

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml
---
- hosts: {{host}}
 remote_user: {{user}}
 gather_facts: {{gather}}
 tasks:
 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题，使用--synctax-check

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml
Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11
 
---
- hosts: {{host}}
     ^
This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
just quote the entire value.
 
For instance, if the original line was:
 
  app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
 
It should be written as:
 
  app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
 
We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with
missing quotes. Always quote template expression brackets when they
start a value. For instance:     
 
  with_items:
   - {{ foo }}
 
Should be written as:
 
  with_items:
   - "{{ foo }}"  
 
This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
just quote the entire value.
 
For instance, if the original line was:
 
  app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
 
It should be written as:
 
  app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"

 可以看到有问题
 解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml
---
- hosts: "{{host}}"
 remote_user: "{{user}}"
 gather_facts: "{{gather}}"
 tasks:
 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

然后再检测一下

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
playbook: delete_vars.yml

没有问题了，在运行一下

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password:
 
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
 
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
 
FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
      to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry
 
172.17.0.10       : ok=0  changed=0  unreachable=1  failed=0

无法运行，原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后，判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除，而我在运行的指定不收集fact，下面在指定收集fact

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password:
 
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
 
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0

可以看到运行成功了

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

文件删除了

13、tags
使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
查看一下客户端情况

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

带有tag的yml文件

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml
---
- hosts: "{{host}}"
 remote_user: "{{user}}"
 gather_facts: "{{gather}}"
 tasks:
 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  tags: server-1
 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2
  shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  tags: server-2

 做一下错误检测

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml

没问题在运行

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password:
 
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
 
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0

查看一下客户端的文件情况

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 88
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

从上面测试可以看到，如果playbook使用了tag，并且在运行中指定tag，那么运行的时候仅允许此tag的信息
下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
先创建文件

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
 remote_user: test
 tasks:
 - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
  template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
  with_items:
   - server-1
   - server-2
   - server-3
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password:
 
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
 
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0 
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

然后再不指定tag运行

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k
 [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
 
SSH password:
 
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
 
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************
changed: [172.17.0.10]
 
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10       : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0 
 
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 88
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root    7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test  test    7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root  root   727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix   5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

可以看到如果不知道tag，那么运行的时候，会全部运行。
FAQ：
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
SSH password:
172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> {
  "failed": true,
  "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!",
  "parsed": false
}

原因是python版本过低，要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson，下面是官方的话

?
1
On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:

安装完成后，在查看

?
1
2
3
4
5
SSH password:
172.17.0.4 | success >> {
  "changed": false,
  "ping": "pong"
}

2、默认ansible是使用key验证的，如果使用密码登陆的服务器，使用ansible的话，要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass      = True给取消注释，要不就在运行命令时候加上-k，这个意思是-k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错

?
1
2
3
paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established.
The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

如果想解决此问题，需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释
4、如果出现

?
1
2
3
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei
172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file

需要你在最后添加参数-k

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm
 
172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm

 

上一页12下一页
  • ansible
  • 集群
  • 自动化运维
  • playbook

    • 延伸 · 阅读

    精彩推荐
    最近更新
    编辑推荐
    阅读排行
    热门标签
    443 　 2008 　 2375 　 硬件冗余技术 　 KB967723 　 AH00023 　 网站备份 　 服务器技术 　 计划任务 　 FTP 　 Server2003 　 CN2 　 专线服务器 　 香港服务器租用 　 访问速度 　 视频服务器 　 硬盘 　 无法运行 　 ARM服务器 　 Vps 　 服务器集群技术 　 DNS 　 VPS主机 　 m6米乐官方网站 　 服务器租用价格 　 服务器托管 　 服务器租用 　 服务器虚拟化 　 机架服务器 　 网站服务器搭建 　
    © 2019-2024 服务器之家(www.zzvips.com) 版权所有关于我们联系我们版权申明网站地图