前言
pdo扩展为php访问数据库定义了一个轻量级的、一致性的接口,它提供了一个数据访问抽象层,这样,无论使用什么数据库,都可以通过一致的函数执行查询和获取数据。pdo随php5.1发行,在php5.0的pecl扩展中也可以使用。
我个人理解:pdo是一个抽象类,为我们提供访问数据的接口方法,下面这篇将给大家介绍关于php如何利用pdo封装简单易用的db类,下面话不多说,来一起看看详细的介绍:
使用
创建测试库和表
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create database db_test; create table `user` ( `id` int(10) unsigned not null auto_increment, `name` char(11) not null, `created_at` int(10) unsigned not null, primary key (`uid`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8; insert into `user` values ( '1' , 'wang' , '1501109027' ); insert into `user` values ( '2' , 'meng' , '1501109026' ); insert into `user` values ( '3' , 'liu' , '1501009027' ); insert into `user` values ( '4' , 'yuan' , '1500109027' ); |
代码测试
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require __dir__ . '/db.php' ; $db = new db(); $db ->__setup([ 'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=db_test;host=localhost' , 'username' => 'root' , 'password' => '******' , 'charset' => 'utf8' ]); $user = $db ->fetch( 'select * from user where id = :id' , [ 'id' => 1]); echo $user [ 'name' ]; echo "\n" ; $insertid = $db ->insert( 'user' , [ 'name' => 'salamander' , 'created_at' => time()]); echo "insert user {$insertid}\n" ; $users = $db ->fetchall( 'select * from user' ); foreach ( $users as $item ) { echo "user {$item['id']} is {$item['name']} \n" ; } |
运行结果
db工具类
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<?php /** * user: salamander * date: 2016/9/2 * time: 9:16 */ class db { private $dsn ; private $sth ; private $dbh ; private $user ; private $charset ; private $password ; public $lastsql = '' ; public function __setup( $config = array ()) { $this ->dsn = $config [ 'dsn' ]; $this ->user = $config [ 'username' ]; $this ->password = $config [ 'password' ]; $this ->charset = $config [ 'charset' ]; $this ->connect(); } private function connect() { if (! $this ->dbh){ $options = array ( \pdo::mysql_attr_init_command => 'set names ' . $this ->charset, ); $this ->dbh = new \pdo( $this ->dsn, $this ->user, $this ->password, $options ); } } public function begintransaction() { return $this ->dbh->begintransaction(); } public function intransaction() { return $this ->dbh->intransaction(); } public function rollback() { return $this ->dbh->rollback(); } public function commit() { return $this ->dbh->commit(); } function watchexception( $execute_state ) { if (! $execute_state ){ throw new mysqlexception( "sql: {$this->lastsql}\n" . $this ->sth->errorinfo()[2], intval ( $this ->sth->errorcode())); } } public function fetchall( $sql , $parameters =[]) { $result = []; $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $this ->sth = $this ->dbh->prepare( $sql ); $this ->watchexception( $this ->sth->execute( $parameters )); while ( $result [] = $this ->sth->fetch(\pdo::fetch_assoc)){ } array_pop ( $result ); return $result ; } public function fetchcolumnall( $sql , $parameters =[], $position =0) { $result = []; $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $this ->sth = $this ->dbh->prepare( $sql ); $this ->watchexception( $this ->sth->execute( $parameters )); while ( $result [] = $this ->sth->fetch(\pdo::fetch_column, $position )){ } array_pop ( $result ); return $result ; } public function exists( $sql , $parameters =[]) { $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $data = $this ->fetch( $sql , $parameters ); return ! empty ( $data ); } public function query( $sql , $parameters =[]) { $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $this ->sth = $this ->dbh->prepare( $sql ); $this ->watchexception( $this ->sth->execute( $parameters )); return $this ->sth->rowcount(); } public function fetch( $sql , $parameters =[], $type =\pdo::fetch_assoc) { $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $this ->sth = $this ->dbh->prepare( $sql ); $this ->watchexception( $this ->sth->execute( $parameters )); return $this ->sth->fetch( $type ); } public function fetchcolumn( $sql , $parameters =[], $position =0) { $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $this ->sth = $this ->dbh->prepare( $sql ); $this ->watchexception( $this ->sth->execute( $parameters )); return $this ->sth->fetch(\pdo::fetch_column, $position ); } public function update( $table , $parameters =[], $condition =[]) { $table = $this ->format_table_name( $table ); $sql = "update $table set " ; $fields = []; $pdo_parameters = []; foreach ( $parameters as $field => $value ){ $fields [] = '`' . $field . '`=:field_' . $field ; $pdo_parameters [ 'field_' . $field ] = $value ; } $sql .= implode( ',' , $fields ); $fields = []; $where = '' ; if ( is_string ( $condition )) { $where = $condition ; } else if ( is_array ( $condition )) { foreach ( $condition as $field => $value ){ $parameters [ $field ] = $value ; $fields [] = '`' . $field . '`=:condition_' . $field ; $pdo_parameters [ 'condition_' . $field ] = $value ; } $where = implode( ' and ' , $fields ); } if (! empty ( $where )) { $sql .= ' where ' . $where ; } return $this ->query( $sql , $pdo_parameters ); } public function insert( $table , $parameters =[]) { $table = $this ->format_table_name( $table ); $sql = "insert into $table" ; $fields = []; $placeholder = []; foreach ( $parameters as $field => $value ){ $placeholder [] = ':' . $field ; $fields [] = '`' . $field . '`' ; } $sql .= '(' .implode( "," , $fields ). ') values (' .implode( "," , $placeholder ). ')' ; $this ->lastsql = $sql ; $this ->sth = $this ->dbh->prepare( $sql ); $this ->watchexception( $this ->sth->execute( $parameters )); $id = $this ->dbh->lastinsertid(); if ( empty ( $id )) { return $this ->sth->rowcount(); } else { return $id ; } } public function errorinfo() { return $this ->sth->errorinfo(); } protected function format_table_name( $table ) { $parts = explode ( "." , $table , 2); if ( count ( $parts ) > 1) { $table = $parts [0]. ".`{$parts[1]}`" ; } else { $table = "`$table`" ; } return $table ; } function errorcode() { return $this ->sth->errorcode(); } } class mysqlexception extends \exception { } |
框架中使用建议
在框架中使用db类,用单例模式或者用依赖容器来管理较好。
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持
原文链接:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010391179