日常维护中,经常会碰到线程被阻塞,导致数据库响应非常慢,下面就看看如何获取是哪个线程导致了阻塞的。
1. 环境说明
RHEL 6.4 x86_64 + MySQL 5.6.19
事务隔离级别:RR
2. 测试过程
3. 查看锁阻塞线程信息
这里用几中方法进行分析:
3.1 使用show processlist查看
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MySQL [(none)]> show processlist; + ----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------+------------------------------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | + ----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------+------------------------------------------+ | 2 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | | 3 | root | localhost | test | Query | 70 | Sending data | select count (*) from t3 a,t3 b | | 4 | root | localhost | test | Query | 65 | updating | delete from emp where empno=7788 | | 7 | root | localhost | test | Query | 68 | updating | update emp set sal=3500 where empno=7788 | + ----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------+------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
如果数据库存在较多线程的话,这种方法确实不太好确认的。
3.2 直接使用show engine innodb status查看
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------------ TRANSACTIONS ------------ Trx id counter 4131 Purge done for trx's n:o < 4119 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle History list length 126 LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION: ---TRANSACTION 0, not started MySQL thread id 2, OS thread handle 0x7f953ffff700, query id 115 localhost root init show engine innodb status ---TRANSACTION 4130, ACTIVE 41 sec starting index read mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 0x7f953ff9d700, query id 112 localhost root updating delete from emp where empno=7788 ------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 41 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了41s RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4130 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 线程4在等待往test.emp中的主键上加X锁,page num=3 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; ------------------ ---TRANSACTION 4129, ACTIVE 45 sec starting index read mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 7, OS thread handle 0x7f953ff6c700, query id 111 localhost root updating update emp set sal=3500 where empno=7788 ------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 45 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了45s RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4129 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 线程7在等待往test.emp中的主键上加X锁,page num=3 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; ------------------ ---TRANSACTION 4128, ACTIVE 51 sec 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 3, OS thread handle 0x7f953ffce700, query id 110 localhost root cleaning up |
我们知道,主要根因还是thread=3引起的,但从innodb status中却无法分析得到这个结果。
从上面来看,线程4和线程7都在等待往test.emp中的主键上加X锁,page num=3,但是线程7等待的时间为45s,而线程4等待的时间为41s,是较线程7之后申请的锁,所以可以判断是线程7阻塞了线程4。至于线程7为什么出现等待,这里分析不到根因。
3.3 使用mysqladmin debug查看
# mysqladmin -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock debug
然后在error日志中,会看到:
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Thread database.table_name Locked /Waiting Lock_type 3 test .t3 Locked - read Low priority read lock 7 test .emp Locked - write High priority write lock |
这种方法中,能找到线程ID=3和7是阻塞者,但还是不太准确,判断不出来线程7也是被线程ID=3阻塞的。
3.4 使用innodb_lock_monitor来获取阻塞锁线程
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MySQL [test]> CREATE TABLE innodb_lock_monitor (a INT ) ENGINE=INNODB; ## 随便在一个数据库中创建这个表,就会打开lock monitor Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec) MySQL [test]> show warnings\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Level : Warning Code: 131 Message: Using the table name innodb_lock_monitor to enable diagnostic output is deprecated and may be removed in future releases. Use INFORMATION_SCHEMA or PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables or SET GLOBAL innodb_status_output= ON . 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
说明:这个在5.6中有一个warning,但不影响使用。
然后再使用show engine innodb status查看:
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------------ TRANSACTIONS ------------ Trx id counter 4667 Purge done for trx's n:o < 4659 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle History list length 138 LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION: ---TRANSACTION 0, not started MySQL thread id 9, OS thread handle 0x7f813c5f7700, query id 152 localhost root init show engine innodb status ---TRANSACTION 4663, ACTIVE 78 sec starting index read mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 0x7f813c628700, query id 149 localhost root updating delete from emp where empno=7788 ------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 78 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了78s RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4663 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 线程4在等待往test.emp中的主键上加X锁,page num=3 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; ------------------ TABLE LOCK table `test`.`emp` trx id 4663 lock mode IX ## 在给主键行上加X锁之前,先要在表上加意向锁IX RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4663 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; ---TRANSACTION 4662, ACTIVE 81 sec starting index read mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 7, OS thread handle 0x7f813c5c6700, query id 148 localhost root updating update emp set sal=3500 where empno=7788 ------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 81 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了81s RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4662 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 线程7在等待往test.emp中的主键上加X锁,page num=3 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; ------------------ TABLE LOCK table `test`.`emp` trx id 4662 lock mode IX ## 在给主键行上加X锁之前,先要在表上加意向锁IX RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4662 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; ---TRANSACTION 4615, ACTIVE 1579 sec, thread declared inside InnoDB 1222 mysql tables in use 2, locked 0 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 3, OS thread handle 0x7f813c659700, query id 147 localhost root Sending data select count (*) from t3 a,t3 b ## 这是线程3当前正在执行的SQL Trx read view will not see trx with id >= 4662, sees < 4659 TABLE LOCK table `test`.`emp` trx id 4615 lock mode IX ## 线程3中正在拥有表上的意向IX锁,并且有test.emp表上主键的行级X锁,page num=3 RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index ` PRIMARY ` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4615 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;; 1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;; 3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;; 4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;; 5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;; 6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;; 7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;; 8: SQL NULL ; 9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;; |
为什么线程3当前执行的是一个select t3表操作,但却锁住了test.emp表上page num=3?
有可能是线程3之前对test.emp表的操作事务没有及时提交导致。
所以得出:线程3阻塞了线程7,而线程7又阻塞了线程4,所以根因就是线程3,让线程3尽快提交或是kill掉即可。
4. 结论
在分析innodb中锁阻塞时,几种方法的对比情况:
(1)使用show processlist查看不靠谱;
(2)直接使用show engine innodb status查看,无法判断到问题的根因;
(3)使用mysqladmin debug查看,能看到所有产生锁的线程,但无法判断哪个才是根因;
(4)开启innodb_lock_monitor后,再使用show engine innodb status查看,能够找到锁阻塞的根因。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/hw_libo/article/details/39080809
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